Pigs, Dogs, Cats, Horses, and Rats Help Win the Civil War Essay

The Civil War intensified pork production as firms strove to meet the needs of the war effort. Beef packing also increased dramatically during the war, but dwindled after it ended, as cities like Kansas City that were closer to the centers of cattle farmers began to dominate production. As plants grew, the operations became more mechanized & specialized. The introduction of the refrigerated rail car in 1869 dramatically bolstered the industry, allowing it to become a year-round industry and to expand internationally (Dictionary of Wisconsin History, 2013). The North had a greater advantage than the South in that their commissary system was already established at the outbreak of the war, while the Confederacy struggled for many years to obtain food and then get it to its armies. By the end of the war, many soldiers in the Confederate army were on the verge of starvation. During the Civil War There were plenty of other Civil War food options on a soldier’s menu (The American Civil War, 2013). The salt pork that was given to the soldiers during the war was a stinky kind of blue extra-salty meat, with hair, skin, dirt, and other debris on it. It was, however, their main supply of protein. Salt beef was basically all of the very worst parts of a cow, including organs, necks, and shanks. But the basic meat was pork. When in enemy territory, the soldiers frequently helped themselves to chickens, fruits, vegetables, and other items from local farms and households. However, â€Å"During the final months of the war, more than a few horses, mules, dogs, cats, and even rats were eaten by soldiers,† said a Confederate doctor (Civil War Food, 2013). Rats especially were found to be quite a luxury: †¦superior, in the opinion of those who eat them, to spring chicken†¦and there were few among the garrison whose natural prejudices were so strong as to prevent them from cooking and eating their share. Nor did rats appear on the starvation menus of only besieged Confederates. In the winter of 1862-63 in Virginia, [Union soldier Berry] Benson and others on picket found many rats, and they teased each other about trying them. Soon someone killed a few and roasted them. They found that they tasted rather like a squirrel. If that time were back, I don’t think I would not be squeamish,’ Benson said later. ’ (Davis, 2003, p. 24) After the Civil War The market for Texas cattle diminished after the Civil War & ranchers were left holding several million heads of cattle. Ranchers began to drive their cattle north again in 1866, but with little financial gain. Fortunately for the cattlemen, the close of the Civ il War also marked a major transition in U. S. meat-consumption patterns. A national preference for pork abruptly gave way to beef. Cattle worth $4 a head in Texas might be sold at $40 a head in Missouri or Kansas. In addition, a ready workforce was already in place: the de-commissioned horsemen of the Confederate cavalry plus freed ex-slaves and Mexican gauchos combined to provide a ready supply of skilled horsemen. Soon others saw the wild Texas herds as a ready means to tap into the lucrative northern market with little start–up capital. The famous Chisholm Trail became a major route. The trail was established in 1865 by Jesse Chisholm and ran 600 miles from San Antonio, Texas, to Abilene, Kansas. Typically rivers and Indian lands had to be crossed, but good grazing, relatively level terrain, and higher prices waiting at the destination made the hazards worthwhile. Drives were cost-effective too—a drive of 2,000 or more cattle usually required only a trail boss and a dozen cowhands. In 1867, the Goodnight-Loving Trail opened markets for Texas cattle in Colorado & New Mexico. Cattle ranching had become big business and attracted Eastern investors. In 1869, more than 350,000 head of cattle were driven along the Chisholm Trail. By 1871, more than 700,000 head were driven along the route. The Reconstruction Period The post-war Reconstruction period was difficult and would have been different in at least two ways if President Lincoln had not been assassinated. First, Lincoln would have been more generous in providing government aid to the fallen South. Instead, President Andrew Johnson punished the South. Moreover, if Lincoln had been the post-war president, it is likely that there would have been a lot less racism and he might have even prevented racist and white-supremacists like the KKK and other groups (Nicely, 2011). Second, the death of Abraham Lincoln changed all the plans by which a Southern state could be readmitted into the Union. Lincoln wanted to reunite the Union quickly by showing forgiveness. Most of the moderate Republicans in Congress supported his plan because they thought it would make a more immediate end to the war. Reconstruction would have gone much more smoothly if Lincoln had not been assassinated (Nicely, 2011). Industrialization and urbanization during Reconstruction brought many changes to the social, economical and political lives of the people. Industrialization led to mass production of goods with technological advances which led to cheaper products and better living conditions for the average American. With the improvement of living conditions, came the need of more workers at the factories. This need led to the migration of people to rural areas to the cities. The migration of the people to the cities and the addition of more and more factories lead to harmful contaminants in the environment such as water and air pollution. We also had the distinction of social classes given the wealth differences among the business entrepreneurs and factory workers. There was also a change in the family structure. Men and women who worked in the same factory performing the same task were paid differently. This structure established what we know today as having the man be the â€Å"breadwinner† and the woman encouraged to stay at home with the children. At this point, children were seen as low-cost labor. Race Relations The federal and/or state courts and legislatures handed down decisions or passed laws during the period that served to discriminate against non-white citizens and immigrants in many ways. The Black Codes were enacted in the South to regulate the status and conduct of the newly freed slaves. This deprived black people of many rights given only to whites such as owning property, to testify in court with whites, to make contracts, travel, preach, speak, and many more. Also contrary to expectations of the Bill of Rights, the court also held that because the amendment provided that â€Å"no state shall† deprive persons of the rights its guaranteed, Congressional legislation protecting blacks and Republicans from Ku Klux Klan violence exceeded the power of the federal government. References Civil War Food (2013). Retrieved from http://www. civilwaracademy. com/civil-war-food. html). Davis, W. C. (2003). A Taste for War: The Culinary History of the Blue and the Gray. Stackpole Books. Mechanicsburg, PA. Dictionary of Wisconsin History (2013). Retrieved from http://www. wisconsinhistory. org /dictionary/index. asp? action=view&term_id=10802&term_type_id=3&term_type_text=things&letter=M) Gale Encyclopedia of U. S. Economic History (1999). Retrieved from http://www. ncyclopedia. com/topic/Cattle_drives. aspx Mitchell, P. B. (2013), â€Å"Cooking for the cause. † Retrieved from http://www. civilwar. org/education/pdfs/civil-war-curriculum-food. pdf Nicely, B. J. (2011). What IF #5—How would have Reconstruction been different if Lincoln had not died on April 15, 1865? Retrieved from http://deeprunwildcats. org/nicely/? p=631 The American Civil War (2013). Retrieved from http://www. ducksters. com/history/civil_war/ life_as_asoldier_duri ng_the_civil_war. php

Journal Writing Essay

During this class I have made two self- discoveries that will positively impact my career goals. Those self- discoveries has helped to mold, and shape me into a student that I have never thought I would be. Those discoveries were that I am an organized learner, because I made a study plan to help me determine when, and how I would study. Being that I have five children, I had to make sure that I had set a schedule so that my course work including study time would not affect my family time and take away from spending time with my children and fiance`. Since these are the competing priorities in my life right now learning to obtain trust and consistency in the home while I have been attending school has also improved because not only do I see my success so does my children and fiancà ©. Knowing that I had that support also has made it possible to do my best in school, setting the pace for them to do the same in school also, whether it be good grades, sports, etc. I know that they will continue to be good at what they do and have proven to do so time after time. Another self- discovery that I have made that will positively impact my career goals is my willpower. Willpower has become my greatest strength. Being able to control what I do, leaded to personal improvement. I realize that lack of willpower not only causes you to lose focus it also allows you to fail to achieve goals. My ability to resist short-term temptations have helped me to meet some of my long term goals already. There has never been a day that I thought that I could not achieve my goals. I kept a positive mindset just so I could keep going. Negativity takes a lot of willpower from you and I think success is a part of having a positive mindset. Having that determination was not easy at first I can say that, but having that willpower and thinking about my future will positively impact my career goals. Two self-discoveries that I believe will positively impact my personal life, o ne is my happiness. If I am not happy there is nothing good that will come out of being unhappy. In my life I noticed that unhappy people wait for something to make them happy. Happy people make themselves happy without hesitation because they choose to have  positivity surround them in all areas of their lives. I am that happy person, I do not feel like being unhappy because it drains energy, it drains potential, it sucks the life out of you, and it keeps you from becoming successful. I am happy because I am not afraid of change, I am valued, and I attend school knowing that I am a success story. I learned to create positive changes in my life. In doing so this has made a positive impact on my personal life. My character will also have a positive impact on my life. Knowing who I am, my beliefs, values, and morals. The clearer I became about what I value and what I believed in the more effective I became not only for me, but for my family, my friends, and my peers. I have this thirst for knowledge and a thirst to make the best out of any situation and this impacts my personal life in so many positive ways because when I know who I am , my children will learn their true identity because they are my children and they share the same DNA. My grandmother use to tell me that I can be different from everyone else and still be blessed and fabulous, and I believed her.So this has played a part in my self- identity. I also had to explore what my heart wanted, so that I could truly identify who I was, the most beautiful thing that could have happened to me was unfolding that I was an excellent mother, a great friend, and a superb student. Knowing these few things lead me to know who I was in the beginning and knowing this has made a positive impact in my personal life. My biggest take way from this course is keeping a growth mindset and knowing that I always have room for improvement. I want to keep ownership over my learning experience. I am in control of my success. I am able to keep this in mind and always grow with it. This is something that I had to develop because when I was younger I had a fixed mindset I did not want to change because I was set in my ways and it felt like everything I was doing had failed me, so I figured that I would quit trying and give up. One day that change I started thinking of other approaches of how to be better and I used trial and error as a way of figuring out what I needed to do. So as I was thinking and applying I realized that I had that growth mindset and I have kept it all through the years. While learning about the fixed mindset and growth mindset I gained a better understanding on what life is really about also and I saw the bigger picture. The way I perceived it to be is to  noticed that if something is not working right the way you are doing it, then try another way and if that works out better than stick with it, but have fun with it and be creative and then you will be successful that way . Life is about trial and error and never giving up no matter what.

Project Time and Quality Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Project Time and Quality - Coursework Example Also, a project has a definite product or service that it creates at a given point in time. This defines the uniqueness of projects in the world of business. Projects come with inherent issues and problems. First of all, a project is temporary and due to that, the team members and project stakeholders are not used to working with each other. In practical terms, most projects entail the collaboration between complete strangers who are unified by the need to work together to attain certain defined objectives. Secondly, a project aims at creating a specified deliverable and measurable end and this demands specified processes and activities that must be completed to attain this specific end. Also, projects involve resource constraints. This means that the time, budget and resources for the execution of the project are not infinite but limited. To ensure that these three issues are controlled and optimum results are attained from the project, there is the need for proper planning, co-ordi nation and monitoring (Woodward, 2009). In other words, there should be a plan that will ensure that all team members, irrespective of their diverse backgrounds can work together and attain the objectives of the project. Secondly, there is the need to use planning to ensure that the specific deliverable is created and created according to specification. Finally, there is the need to plan to ensure that resources are judiciously and optimally used for the attainment of the objectives of the research. Thus from the onset of a project, there is the need for the project plan to draw the bottom line or yardsticks and define the scope of the project. This should be spelt out clearly in unambiguous terms and preferably in writing. Personally, I identify three main planning stages in projects. There is the initial planning phase, the contingent planning stage and the monitoring/corrective planning phase. These three planning stages are important in the proper management of projects in organ isations. Initial Planning Phase Project Management is about initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and control and closing processes (Portny, 2010). However, for the attainment of all these stages of project management, there is the need for good planning and monitoring of the project. â€Å"Project Management Plan is a document used to co-ordinate all the project planning documents and help guide the project's execution and control† (Schwalbe, 2010). This means that the Project Management Plan is an integrated set of documents that accommodates all the sub-plans of the project (Knutson, & Bitz, 2006). It is a centralised plan that includes all the various plans for the handling of issues pertaining to the project at hand. Aside being an integrated document, it contains certain centralised matters like the identification of project planning assumptions, decisions on choices and the definitions of resources and constraints (Schwalbe, 2010). So the Project Management plan sets the benchmarks for operations and activities in a project. It identifies the yardsticks and defines 'Where We Are† (WWR) and â€Å"Where We Want to Get† (WW2G). It creates the standard measures for the various activities related to the project at hand. As it sets the standards for what must be achieved through the project, it spells out and clarifies stakeholder rights and responsibilities. In other words, the Project Manag

Proper Planning and Pupil-Teacher Relationships are Fundamental in Essay

Proper Planning and Pupil-Teacher Relationships are Fundamental in Good Teaching - Essay Example Good teaching is a practice, it is an act and it is a process that requires utmost diligence, dedication and talent to enable the children understand the complexity of the information being passed by the teacher. It is considered as an act of generosity, a craft that grows through continued practice and expose and a risk that individuals in this profession have to take to deliver to the kids. It cannot be considered as a blanket technique or even technical knowledge for it comes from the integrity of the teacher and his/her dedication. A good teacher also develops greater relation with the subjects to enable him/her create a better environment that encourages teaching and the dissemination of knowledge. The chemistry developed between good teachers with his students enables him/her to understand that one approach that may be considered highly effective is highly ineffective on other students. In saying this, alludes to the fact that good education lights fire and keeps every student attentive in one class while it leaves the other class extinguished and bored. It is worth appreciating that the daily interaction between a teacher and a student in class lays the foundation for effective personalized learning environment that allows one on one delivery of knowledge to the students within the different contexts that they are raised in. In this paper, good teaching and its values to pupils shall be critically evaluated in the context of a primary school to explain how good teaching influences teacher-students relationships (Lin, and Gronlund, 2000). The process of curriculum development in line with good teaching practice will also be evaluated in line with how the process of planning and implementing teaching modules can be done (Rust, 2002). Teaching gives a way of creating space to the community to integrate and practice truth in our midst and this stems from the guiding abilities of good teachings. Good teaching should thus seek to provide enough bases upon whic h a student can use to learn to speak and listen in the community of truth. It thus enables us to understand that truth is not in conclusion as in the process of conversation but that it must be observed in the processes of conversation. Good teaching does not just cover the process of information delivery but also involves the processes of planning, designing and skilfully delivering the learning materials to the students in an environment that allows them to understand. Instincts are also critical in good teaching process for it enables a teacher to instinctively understand the different needs of the pupils and device appropriate delivery methods that suits the special needs (Schwartz & Webb, 2002). A good teaching process must thus begin with an inclusive question to develop a better establishment of the course content and elevate the level of challenge on the pupils. Theories, values, policies and issues on teacher-pupil relationship Good teaching cannot be highlighted without m entioning good teacher pupil relationship in the class set up. The moment of interaction between a child and the teacher provides a great opportunity to develop an interactive positive relationship that shall create basis for good teaching and learning environment. The process of building good positive relationship can adopt a number of methods such as the development of good listening skills when talking to the children, maintaining eye contact with them to enhance the process of confidence building and developing a one-on-one interactive sessions with the pupils (Roblyer, Edwards and Havriluk, 2003).

High Pump Prices Oil Demand and Supply Factors Essay

High Pump Prices Oil Demand and Supply Factors - Essay Example The upward shift in the demand curve (D1 to D2) results from the increase in crude demand due to seasonal factors. As cited in the article, February is commonly slated for refinery maintenance. As such, decline in gasoline stockpiles occurs with refinery production slowing down. Ceteris paribus, a higher equilibrium point E2 is seen. The above graph also exhibits no shift in the supply curve S. This assumption is derived from the advisory of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), a powerful cartel of major oil producers, that they would keep current output restrictions in place. In this regard, no additional supply may be expected to offset the increase in demand, thus, increasing crude price. Another case of supply and demand schedules interesting to analyze is the declining oil prices in the world market at the onset of 2007 (Ghatous 2007). Last year, oil price hovered at around $60-65 per barrel. With OPEC aiming to maximize its earnings, the cartel decided to reduce supply. However, oil price continued to slide despite the supply cut. This could be explained using Graph 2 below. Assuming an initial equilibrium price and quantity of $60 per barrel and 52 million barrels, respectively, an upward shift of the supply curve (from S1 to S2) due to the OPEC supply cut would cause an upward movement in the oil price. However, the supply shift was accompanied by a greater downward shift in the demand curve (from D1 to D2). The downtrend in demand resulted from the warmer than expected winter season in the US. With this, there is lesser demand for oil used for heating. Given the simultaneous shift in both supply and demand curves, equilibrium point E2 is reached with a lower price of $58 per barrel and quantity of 52 million barrels. References Articles Ghatous, G. (2007). "OPEC concerned about price, to act if needed". Reuters. Accessed: 14 March 2007 from http://www.reuters.com Valdmanis, R. (2007). "Oil rises on US fuel draw, eyes on OPEC". Reuters. Accessed: 14 March 2007 from http://www.reuters.com/article/hotStockNews/idUSSP28601520070314 Books Samuelson, P.A. and W.D. Nordhaus. (2001). Economics 17th Ed. McGraw-Hill. Sayre, J.E. and A.J. Morris. (2004). Principles of Microeconomics 4th Ed.

Risk assessment plan Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Risk assessment plan - Math Problem Example The paper tells that in coming up with a risk management plan, there are several steps involved. The first step is identifying the risk factors involved. In this stage, the event, probability, impact, contingency, reduction and exposure is established. The event simply means an act or incidence that might happen, probability defines the likelihood of an event occurring, impact is the consequence of an event happening. Mitigation happens to be how much the probability of an event may be reduced. Reduction is represented mathematically as the product of mitigation and contingency, whereas exposure is the result of reduction subtracted from risk. In the initial steps, the project's risk management team has to identify the risks as well as their probabilities and consequences. The risks and threats are then analyzed and a risk profile created depending on the consequence and likelihood of occurrence. The threats and risks that are involved in this project may be subdivide into three main categories based on the entity the most impact is felt. The divisions may be environmental, personnel and the public. The contractor may have to execute his task with the railway being in use. Rubble and materials used overhead are a threat to the public, while the running railway is a risk to the experts on the project. Using the profiling, collapse of the bridge during construction may be catastrophic, yet rare thus falling in the high-risk category of the assessment profile. Probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) or quantitative risk analysis (QRA) or probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) is one of the most used methods of analysing risk in project development and operation (Bedford & Cooke, 2001, p. 210). The use of this technique supports and validates the improvement of control and mitigation measures against threats. Incorporating probability in the project risk management gives the problem a wider scope and allows the stakeholders a better grasp of uncertainty and the need to impr ove on the risk control measures chosen for a given project. Incorporating probability in the development process allows in the assessment of what may happen, its likelihood and the possible consequences in the case of its occurrence. The works of Kaplan and Garrick in defining uncertainties and risk in mathematical terms aids in programming. The definition of risk as a set of scenarios Si, each with a probability Pi and a consequence Xi, generate a risk curve based on the increase or decrease in severity (Goodwin & Wright, 2003, p. 49). From this, programmers can assess inputs through the variations of the severity, consequence and frequency. The Scenario represents the probabilistic sample space in which event is contained (both favourable and unfavourable) each with a chance of occurring. However, in the probabilistic equations, the chances might be equal or biased; in the risk, assessment equality of the scenarios is hard to come by. The chances of occurrence in pure probability are equated to frequency in risk management. The ideology behind introducing the probability of frequency allows the risk analysis to be conducted based on empirical data. If a given project, in a given period, suffers a number of threats and risks the probability of a certain threat can be equated to the number of times it has

Introduction to Psychology ( Discuss Quesition ) Essay

Introduction to Psychology ( Discuss Quesition ) - Essay Example Many crucial links are available to determine which type of personality a person chooses to have. Generally, the demarcations between and extrovert and an introvert are established through many factors like the overall levels of energy available and can also be attributed to certain physiological differences in the brain. Apart from that, the surrounding environment and the nature of the parental brought up also decides the levels of sociability of an individual in life. People choose to stay in battering situation when they are either scared of the offender or believe that the batterer is actually correct and knows what they are doing. Financial dependency, social norms, emotional voids, religious and cultural obligations, loneliness, etc are some of the reasons that draw people into the ‘Stockholm’ or the ‘Hostage’ syndrome. A general sense of fear, the presence of unreasonable false gratitude accompanied with a total lack of awareness that help is available are some of the other reasons that explain this. Therefore, a personality flaw, as a defense mechanism, develops more often than not as a result of holding on to the batterer and continuously suffering and may not be the principal cause of staying in a battering relationship. Learned helplessness increases the probability of a person staying in a battering relationship, as the person involved is already predisposed towards a feeling of utter helplessness and

Research proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research proposal - Essay Example This is to facilitate communication and formulation of superior performance policies that focus on the participation of everyone. Employee engagement remains a hot issue with most professionals posting diverse opinion on its suitability in measuring performance in institutions. One school of thought reports that employee engagement indices criteria form a fundamental element that provides relevant incentives for measuring performance. It acts as a scorecard guideline that measures the satisfactory level of employees and consumers in service delivery. However, another school of thought faults its use since it fails to provide clear benchmarks that can be applied to facilitate credible measurement of performance. Ideally, employees hold the requisite capacity of influencing performance in institutions (Macey, Schneider & Barbera, 2009, p. 224). To ensure superior innovation and creativity in product development, proper employee engagement is essential. It ensures adequate sharing of id eas and formulation of policies with innovative ideals. It is crucial to note that, employee performance can be achieved when their morale is enhanced through adequate engagement in diverse aspects. This paper evaluates the imperativeness of employee engagement as a performance measure and advancement of cordial relations in business institutions. Objectives I. To ascertain the relevance of engagement indices in improving cordial relations between employees and employers II. To establish the factors that improve good relationship between employees and employers III. To evaluate the relevance of engagement indices as a performance measure in institutions IV. To establish the influence of employee engagement in enhancing productivity and efficiency in institutions V. To establish whether employee engagement contribute to employees’ wellbeing Definition Employee engagement indices provide institutions with relevant capacity to focus on diverse factors that hinders employee perfo rmance and coordination with employers. It is coordinated through a survey questionnaire that identifies workers efforts and enthusiasm in execution of activities. Evidently, inferior relations between employees and employers hold far reaching effects on performance in institutions (Macey, et al, 2009, p. 229). It may results to dismal performance or reduced output, low working morale and increased worker turnover that can severely influence productivity in corporations. According to Macey, et al, (2009, p. 225), superior engagement through adoption of excellent communication channels is vital in boosting understanding in institutions. Engagement fosters idea formulation and coherence at work that defines team spirit. This is vital since team spirit is an essential element that drives execution of activities based on strong shared norms and objectives. Consequently, engagement between employees and employers contributes in performance measurement together with other performance para meters. It is significant to state that poor worker engagement with employers influences individuals’ wellbeing at work and reduces output levels Methodologies The study adopts purposive research technique that gives clear guidelines of conducting a detail study with specific goals. The technique is relevant since it has the potential of steering the purposive nature of the study, which investigates the relevance of employee en

Direct and Interactive Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Direct and Interactive Marketing - Essay Example Nonetheless, there is need for a market analysis in a bid to ascertain whether launching an on-line shopping facility later in 2013 will be profitable. Situation analysis Situation analysis is a collection of strategic tools for understanding both the internal and external market of W. M. Morrison Supermarket. Situation analysis tools include 5C analysis, SWOT, and Porter’s five forces amongst others (Kotler, 2009). The following is a situation analysis for W. M. Morrison Supermarket on the basis of the aforementioned three tools. A. 5C Analysis The 5C analysis of W. M. Morrison Supermarket includes the company, competitors, customers, collaborators, and climate (Kotler, 2009). It is important to note that W. M. Morrison Supermarket is supermarket chain that operates with a specific environment hence influenced by the above mentioned aspects. Company: W. M. Morrison Supermarket is considered as the 4th largest supermarket chain within the UK markets. Since 2002, Morrison has b een able to deliver 3000 varieties of perishable food as well as 600 brands of readymade meals to approximately 250,000 customers thus attracting a turnover of approximately $400m annually. In addition, Morrison enjoys the experience of click and collect sector, which it has a command of approximately 10% in the Fresh Direct, a New York-based entity. The enterprise’s main objective is to increase its sales through adopting new technologies that include internet or on-line selling (Davis & Reilly, 2010). In addition, W. M. Morrison Supermarket has experienced poor performance over the last period with sales reducing by approximately 2.5%. Nonetheless, W. M. Morrison Supermarket continues to enjoy its position within the market. Competitors: Morrison continues to face competition from some of the market leaders within the UK’s grocery retailers such as Tesco, Asda, Waitrose, and Sainsburys amongst other competitors. Whereas Tesco is regarded as the market leader, Sainsbu rys has an 18% market share and covers 88% of the UK’s grocery market, Asda has 33% of the online market and has 3 dark stores, and Waitrose sells online though Ocado, which is the biggest online only grocer in the UK (Davis & Reilly, 2010). These retailers within the UK’s grocery continue to offer stiff competition to Morrison especially taking into consideration that whereas the formers have online shops, the latter is yet to launch some online shops. Customers: Morrison targets the UK’s grocery market, which is believed to one of the fastest growing areas in retail. Amazingly, the UK’s grocery market accounts for approximately ?5.6 billion of a ?156.8 billion market, which is 3.57% of the total UK’s market (Kotler, 2009). However, positive trends have indicated a likelihood that the UK’s grocery market is likely to double to approximately ?11 billion in the next five years. It is this market that Morrison supermarket chain is targeting. I n addition, it is important to note that online customers have continued to increase. Online sales indicated a growth rate of 17.8% in 2012 during the Christmas seasons, which is the fastest ever experienced. Collaborators: Morrison continues to operate within the industry and market through the help of collaborators such as the Fresh Direct, which is a New York-based enterprise for distributing fresh farm produce in New York (Jones, 2012). In addition, Morrison has already

Process of (research) investigation of geodetic Engineering for the Thesis Proposal - 1

Process of (research) investigation of geodetic Engineering for the designing of high speed (train) main railway line - Thesis Proposal Example In many instances, high speed trains reconsidered cost effective as compared to road transport. This is partially due to the volume of the train, which carries a large number of people at a time. Similarly, trains do not encounter traffic as they have exceptional rail lines. Therefore, use of geodetic railway constitution is a positive approach towards improvement of the railway connection (Torge, 2001). Banking on this system would improve the railway transport to a high notch. In making this a reality, transport engineers have to embark on various activities that are geared towards establishment of an affordable transport system. First, they have to engineer tracks, where the transport system will be based. These tracks are made through all the basic terminals. The issue of making terminals is to ease movement of the people from one place to another. Apparently, terminals are the places where people wait to board the transport system. Therefore, terminals that are centrally placed make it easier to access the transport system. This is followed by analyzing and designing all the models that are required in the transport system. This includes land, air and sea. This will ensure the transport system is not affected by these natural features. For instance, some railway tracks are drilled through mountains, tunnels and rocks (Sansà ², 2006). This is an involving task which requires highly credentialed engineers. Therefore, engineers have to plan, design, and manage and operate the railway system at high standards while offering top notch services. Geodetic engineers have a task in using technology to make an improvement in the railway system. They use various technologies to measure and develop inventory research on land and other resources to ensure each is not affected while constructing rails. However, many of these factors were not considered during the construction of railway lines. As such, many

The various theories of Language Acquisition Essay Example for Free

The various theories of Language Acquisition Essay The human race has been trying to explore the concept of language acquisition in children for centuries, and due to the nature of the subject matter, this of course is very difficult. The main debate between language theorists, however, began in the 20th century with the nature versus nurture debate. The generally accepted theory of language acquisition, supported by B. F. Skinner, was that children were completely lacking in the ability to converse when born, and that language was just another learned skill, such as walking and crawling. Supporting the argument that language acquisition was all due to the nurturing of the child, rather than an innate capacity to learn, Skinner believed in the theory of imitation and reinforcement. This concept suggests that children learn through positive and negative feedback (praise as opposed to corrections) from their parents or carers. To a certain extent, this theory could account for a large proportion of a childs development. Behaviourists who have observed parents with their children or young children in nurseries have noticed that when an dult suggests a new word to a child, the child is very likely to use it. However, there are of course many obvious limitations of this theory. When parents try to correct children too much, research has shown that children actually progess slower because they are not being allowed to express themselves as freely. Often, when a parent attempts to make a child repeat a certain sentence, the child is unable to respond correctly, because the syntactical structure is completely unfamiliar. Additionally, a parent or carer is more likely to dispute the content of a childs statement as opposed to the grammar. For example, if in the example above, the childs friends actually lived in Scotland, not Ireland, the parent would be more likely to correct this than the grammatical mistakes highlighted above. Furthermore, possibly one of the most important pieces of evidence to disprove this theory is that of virtuous errors a child makes when he or she is first learning to apply grammatical rules. For example, a child might say I thinked or I runned, because the usual ending for an English verb in the simple past tense is -ed. They certainly would not have heard this kind of error from a parent or carer, disputing the idea that language is merely learned through repetition and not through any form of innate ability whatsoever. When Noam Chomsky first responded to the generally accepted behaviourism theory with his own ideas of innate language abilities, taking the side of nature as opposed to nurture. Chomsky believed that children could not simply copy what they heard and create their own lexis, as the quality of adults language was too poor. Also citing virtuous errors such as overgeneralisations, he pointed out that children often create their own words when they do not know the correct term for what they are trying to describe, a concept called linguistic creativity. The key belief of nativism in Chomskys time was that children have a language acquisition device when they are born, which allows them to learn grammar rules and the like. Chomsky himself added to this concept bu suggesting that all human languages share a universal grammar, which is what children are capable of understanding and applying to their own mother tongue. A limitation of the nativist theory is that the ability to converse is not completely innate: children will need some form of stimulus from those around them, or their linguistic ability will be severely impaired. In particular, many theorists believe that for children, there is a cut-off point in their lives (often at about 7 years of age) when, if the child has not received sufficient stimulus, their capacity for language will be permaneantly weakened. Although not completely opposing this theory, these arguments do show that not all language ability is innate. A theory that has its roots in behaviourism is that of social interaction. The core idea of this theory is that childrens language acquisition is centred around close interaction with parents and carers, and that this interaction not only enables them to acquire language itself, but also allows them to learn pragmatics and the rules for conversing, such as taking turns to speak. The followers of this theory also believe that interaction creates a language acquisition support system, enabling children to place their language learning skills in context. The easily identifiable features of child-directed speech (such as exaggerated intonation, simplified grammar and lexis, and gestures) used by parents and carers supports this notion. Interactionists also suggest that repetitive scenarios, such as the same book, nursery rhyme or game, enables children to develop conversational skills such as turn-taking. While there is evidence to support this theory, the argument against it is that in many cultures around the world, there is no evidence of child-directed speech, and that the children are not adversely affected by this. The final key school of thought is the cognitive approach, who do not place as much emphasis on the acquisition of language itself, preferring to see it as a single part of a childs development in general: nativists, on the other hand, see language acquisition as a completely separate element. Psychologist Jean Piaget suggested that language can only come with understanding, and that children can only talk about objects and ideas that they fully understand, showing the link between speech and comprehension. A key stage of cognitive development supports this theory; that of object permeneance. When a child grasps the concept that even when an object is no longer in their sight, it still exists, there is a definite leap in their understanding and development, which includes language. At this time, children also learn to use pronouns correctly, and are more focused on learning common nouns for the objects around them. The other key leader of this theory, Lev Vygotsky, proposed that language had two roles: communication and for thought processes. After a short amount of time, he believed, language became closely linked with thought, leading to the natural link between language and understanding. However, there are, of course, limitations of this theory. Many children have displayed language skills completely at odds with their apparent cognitive skills, either more or less advanced. Of course, each theory of language acquisition has its own evidence to support it. A key mistake which many theorists made in the past was to assume that one theory could be found which covered all aspects of child development. Modern theorists now see the strengths and limitations of all schools of thought, and tend to use aspects from each theory to explain stages of language acquisition. It is generally accepted that we probably will never know the exact way in which children acquire language, due to the complex nature of the process.

Women’s Health Policy in Australia

Women’s Health Policy in Australia Introduction: Women’s health policy in Australia was realised in the year 1989.policy was introduced taking into account the well-being of all the Australian women and being committed to provide them with better health care facility. Approach has been to provide the priorities to two things significantly-one was to address current and future health whereas the other focuses on structure of fundamental ways by which the society impacts the women’s health. However, after the revising of the policy in the year 2010, the policy has still certain limitations. Despite of the significant change made by the Australian Government in the women’s health policy, the major challenges that the policy was facing is to address the inequalities, persisting between the women in Australia especially the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, encounter particularly more terrible health than the overall public (National Women’s Health Policy 2010, 2015). A scope of socially built dete rminants can affect in light of the capacity of a few gatherings of Australian women to get to the assets expected to keep up great health. A key continuous health test is to address these disparities. Some health issues, for instance, danger variables, for example, heftiness and psychological well-being especially nervousness and melancholy have ended up expanding issues for women in the course of the most recent two decades. Challenges in the National Health Policy of Australia: National health policy in Australia should concentrate more on gender equality as it has failed to do that in past few years. Moreover, the women population, which includes Aboriginal and Torres Islander women (ATSI), women of culturally, and linguistically background, socio-economically disadvantaged women, women from rural and remote areas, older women and those women who live alone in residential aged care facilities have been facing major challenges in the health concerns, which the government has also failed in achievement (National Women’s Health Policy 2010, 2015). The policy also overlooked to address the issue of health inequalities and Socio Economic disadvantage. The major concerns, which the policy overlooks, are: Anticipation of ceaseless maladies through the control of danger variables; focusing on perpetual ailment, for example, cardiovascular sickness, diabetes and growth, and additionally hazard components, for example, heftiness, sustenance, physical latency, liquor and tobacco utilization. The approach likewise supports a clearer comprehension of the connection of women’s lives, including the obstructions that forestall women taking up healthier way of life practices. Emotional wellness and health; focusing on nervousness, sadness and suicide. Sexual and conceptive health; focusing on access to data and administrations identifying with sexual health, regenerative health, safe sex works on, screening and maternal health. The significance of the health of moms preceding origination, amid pregnancy and in the post-natal period can have a significant and long haul affect all alone health and that of their youngsters. Sound maturing; focusing on muscular-skeletal conditions, inability and dementia. The approach highlights that the social, monetary and ecological conditions under which women live and age can influence their experience of maturity. In expansive measure, a hefty portion of the late state exercises has served to enhance access. In the range of health scope, states have made critical advances. States have been on the front line of an extensive variety of protection commands that have served to give guaranteed women in some states scope for contraceptives, direct access to OB/GYNs without a referral, and compulsory scope of a wide scope of key screening administrations of significance to women all through their lifespans (Service, 2015). Most low-pay pregnant women are qualified for pre-birth care scope under Medicaid and numerous states have exploited more prominent government adaptability to widen Medicaid qualification principles that permit more low-salary folks to fit the bill for scope. Medicaid has additionally been utilized as an critical vehicle to enhance access to family arranging administrations for low-salary women in numerous states; and another government law gives expresses the chance to expand scop e to uninsured low-salary women with bosom or cervical disease. It likewise gives noteworthy monetary security to women who are seniors or have inabilities. Health protection scope is a basic consider making human services moderate and open to women. Among the 97 million women ages 19 to 64 dwelling in the U.S., most had some type of scope in 2013. Then again, crevices in private division and freely supported projects left more than one in six women uninsured. This factsheet surveys significant wellsprings of scope for women dwelling in the U.S. in 2013 (the latest year that information is accessible from the US Bureau of the Census), for the year preceding, the Affordable Care Acts (ACAs) significant scope extension and talks about the feasible changes and effect of the law on women’s scope in future years. Policymaking: In June 1987, the Minister for Community Services and Health, Dr Neal Blewett, selected a Special Adviser, Ms Liza Newby, to coordinate the advancement of a National Womens Health Policy. In October of that year, the Australian Health Ministers Advisory Chamber (AHMAC) secured a Subcommittee on Women and Health to report to it and to the Australian Health Ministers Conference (AHMC) on matters influencing the health of women. The Commonwealth, State, Territory and non-government individuals from the Subcommittee worked with the Special Adviser to build up the arrangement. In February 1988 Womens health: a structure for change. A talk paper for group remark and reaction was issued. The paper laid out a structure for change, and based on health concerns needs, which women had recognized in different State arrangement surveys, conferences, meetings and exploration. However, the common opinion or purview from all the categories of women was avoided, which could have been included in the policymaking. That would have helped the policy to be more effective and would have been more effective with overall aspects and conditions of women in all the aspects (Womens health, 2015). The report of the Better Health Commission (1986) and the consequent Health for all Australians report embraced to the Australian Health Pastors (1988) underscore the need to change disparities in health status and in access to health administrations by the socially and monetarily impeded. The meetings on the National Plan for Women recognized women’s health and women’s entrance to health administrations as a significant issue for women and of considerably more noteworthy concern to Aboriginal, ethnic and confined women. Noteworthy change in the health of women needs an agreeable also, composed approach by Commonwealth, State and Territory governments, open and private health administrations, proficient and union associations, and the group (Armstrong, Gillespie, Leeder, Rubin, Russell, 2007). Contents of the policy: The Womens Health Policy is in view of a comprehension of health inside a social connection as accentuated by the World Health Association and supported by the Australian Government in its national strategy Health for all Australians. This perspective perceives that (NATIONAL WOMENS HEALTH POLICY, 2011): Health is controlled by a wide scope of social, ecological, financial and natural elements; Contrasts in health status and health results are connected to sexual orientation, age, financial status, ethnicity, incapacity, area and environment; Health advancement, ailment anticipation, value of access to suitable and moderate administrations, and reinforcing the essential health awareness framework are important, alongside high quality disease treatment administrations; and Data, discussion and group advancement are vital components of the health methodology. Women’s health strategy must envelop the greater part of a woman’s lifespan, furthermore, mirror women’s different parts in Australian culture, not simply their conceptive part. Women’s health strategy must plan to advance investment that is more prominent by women in choice making about health administrations and health strategy, as both shoppers and suppliers. Women’s health strategy must perceive women’s rights, as health care buyers, to be treated with poise in a domain, which accommodates security, educated assent and secrecy. Women’s health approach must recognize that educated choices about health and human services require available data, which is properly focused for diverse financial, instructive and social gatherings. Women’s health approach must be in view of precise information and exploration concerning women’s health, women’s perspectives about health, also, procedures which most adequately address women’s health needs. Components of the National Womens Health Policy: The suggestions for executing the National Womens Health Arrangement are taking into account the five need activity ranges that were affirmed by women in the conferences and entries. They moreover adjust to universal and national health strategy methods of insight, activities and needs. In the Policy report the destinations and coveted results for every activity range are expressed, and bolstered by the suggestions and proposed usage approaches (Cox, 2010). The National Womens Health Policy suggestions incorporate recommendations for: A National Womens Health Program; and Activity in different projects or in different parts directed by the Region, States and Territories. The National Womens Health Program (NWHP) is proposed for a starting five-year period as a Commonwealth-State-Territory cost imparted system. Subsidizing suggestions identify with the need regions for activity with an accentuation on the recognized health issues for women. Activity in different projects or parts is notwithstanding the suggestions for subsidizing under the National Womens Health Program. These further suggestions of the National Womens Health Policy are for advancement and execution inside States, Domains and the Commonwealth to attain to both short and long haul enhancements in health administrations for women. Various these suggestions oblige another approach, and not so much more financing (NATIONAL WOMENS HEALTH POLICY, 2011). Synopsis of proposals in need zones for activity Need territory no.1: Improvements in health administrations for women NWHP financing proposals are proposed for undertakings to: add to a system of imaginative group based and controlled administrations and extraordinary projects in doctors facilities which address some then again the majority of a scope of distinguished issues. Samples could incorporate enlisting a multidisciplinary group to give data, administrations and exercises identifying with menopause for either non-English talking women or women from non-English talking foundations or to give directing backing to female exploited people of viciousness; Research extended parts for medicinal services experts and their compensation, for example, different options for charge for-administration; secure quality confirmation guidelines and results in discussion with women in different ranges, for example, healing centre and group maternity administrations and break and bolster administrations for women as carers; create nearby women’s health arrangements in view of a composed essential human services approach. The extra suggestions identify with the exceptional needs of country women, carers, young women, more seasoned women, women at work, Aboriginal women, NESB women, and women with handicaps, enhanced participation between parts which have an influence on health; the privileges of clients of health and related administrations and issues of educated assent; sex issues and roughness; the proceeded with execution of disease avoidance and health advancement crusades and the improvement of new approaches. Need range no.2: Provision of health data for women. NWHP financing suggestions are proposed for ventures to: add to a women’s health data method, especially for distraught gatherings of women, in distinguishment of the requirement for social and phonetic affectability in materials; plan, distribute and appropriate data and training materials concentrating on concurred need regions. Themes may incorporate choices for ripeness control, pregnancy and postnatal wretchedness, incontinence, and the proper utilization of meds; distinguish need regions and impalement women’s health training furthermore, avoidance crusades which would utilize radio, TV, ethnic and women’s print media, social insurance suppliers, health focuses, schools and working environments; create bundles for consideration in self-improvement program for young women and young men on women’s health issues of pertinence to youngsters, to incorporate issues, for example, sexuality, viciousness, and a positive mental self-portrait; assemble women’s health workshops biennially. Extra suggestions identify with enhancing and growing current data procurement and dispersal, adding to a national health interpretation administration, supporting current activities on aggressive behavior at home, activities to build women’s comprehension of whats more, support in medicinal services exploration, and successful trade of data crosswise over government divisions (Women’s Health Insurance Coverage, 2015). Need territory no.3: Research and information gathering on women’s health NWHP financing proposals are proposed to: -bolster various particular examination extends in key territories such As similar levels of medicinal intercession, egg. Caesarean area, hysterectomy, sedative medicine rates; assessment trials of intercessions in essential consideration settings which add to enhanced health results for women; and extended assessment of current screening for breast and cervical tumours and the needs of carers; bolster social research in women’s health. Samples of points Proposed incorporate sexual ill-use and long haul psychological well-being, anticipation of incontinence, over medicalization of typical life occasions and life stresses, and conventional methods for watching over more established Aboriginal women; build up an arrangement of health status markers which are delicate to women’s health issues; and -survey health enactment. Extra suggestions identify with analysing existing health exploration subsidizing sources with a perspective to expanding stipends relating to women’s health issues; creating and utilizing proper women’s health markers; more extensive investigation of existing and new information; and Utilizing different overviews to upgrade comprehension of health issues and the consideration of sexual orientation data in all information bases. Need region no. 4: Womens investment in choice making on health NWHP subsidizing proposals are proposed to: backing women’s health associations; -urge women to take part in health administrations choice -making by creating model mindfulness bundles and creative ventures; and -enhance job value in the health workforce. Extra suggestions identify with expanding women’s cooperation in choice making as specialists; as individuals from choice making sheets and councils; as customers; and in arrangement, program whats more, research at all levels. It has additionally been prescribed to build or extend women’s health or proportionate units. Need zone no.5: Training and instruction for compelling health care NWHP subsidizing suggestions are proposed to: proceed with instruction in women’s health though health could not care fewer experts. Extra suggestions identify with including modules and courses on women’s health in undergrad and postgraduate curricula for all health experts; contact by instructive organizations with health experts and customers in creating courses; curricula also, modules; including a scope of handy encounters (Womens Policy, Research Resource Links, 2015). This include the dynamic interest and educated assent of women, counting in group settings in the preparation of restorative specialists; creating a joint working gathering to create composed national systems in health proficient tertiary preparing for women for combination into the National Plan of Action on Women in Education; Further advancement of proceeding instruction for essential health awareness labourers, carers and unpaid labourers. Conclusion: The extent of state-level approaches influencing women’s entrance to human services is truly broad. States have been on the cutting edge of a extensive variety of protection commands that have served to give protected women in some states scope for contraceptives, direct access to OB/GYNs without a referral, and required scope of a wide scope of key screening administrations of significance to women all through their lifespans Likewise, there has been some key enactment at the state level that has brought about confined access to specific administrations, and in different ranges that are vital for women, there has been restricted activity. For instance, access to foetus removal administrations has been progressively restricted by arrangements that force holding up periods, oppressive regulations on premature birth suppliers, and confinements on teenager access without parental assent. Likewise, in numerous imperative ranges, for example, encouraging access to crisis contraception on the other hand commands on critical screening administrations for normal diseases, for example, chlamydia, states have been generally dormant. Subsequently, access to human services administrations is still dangerous for some women in the United States. Bibliography NATIONAL WOMENS HEALTH POLICY. (2011, Feb 7). Retrieved from http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/womens-health-policy-toc~womens-health-policy-es National Women’s Health Policy 2010. (2015, Apr 11). Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/3BC776B3C331D5EECA257BF0001A8D46/$File/NWHP_access_final.pdf Women’s Health Insurance Coverage. (2015, Apr 11). Retrieved from http://kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/womens-health-insurance-coverage-fact-sheet/ Womens health. (2015, Apr 11). Retrieved from http://www.healthdirect.gov.au/womens-health Womens health. (2015, Apr 11). Retrieved from The RACGP Curriculum for Australian General Practice 2011: http://curriculum.racgp.org.au/statements/womens-health/ Womens Policy, Research Resource Links. (2015, Apr 11). Retrieved from http://www.theindex.org.au/WomensPolicyResearchLinks.aspx Armstrong, B. K., Gillespie, J. A., Leeder, S. R., Rubin, G. L., Russell, L. M. (2007). Challenges in health and health care for Australia. Retrieved from https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2007/187/9/challenges-health-and-health-care-australia Cox, D. (2010, Dec 30). Women Critical of new health policy. Retrieved from http://www.smh.com.au/national/women-critical-of-new-government-health-policy-20101229-19aa5.html Family, K. (2003). Women’s Access to Care:A State-Level Analysis of Key Health Policies. Retrieved from https://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/table-of-contents.pdf Service, A. G. (2015, Apr 11). NATIONAL WOMENS HEALTH POLICY ADVANCING WOMENS HEALTH IN AUSTRALIA. Retrieved from http://awhn.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/38_NationalWomensHealthPolicysummary.pdf

Quality and trust in workplace

Quality and trust in workplace INTRODUCTION:- TRUST:-Trust means confidence that others action are consistent with their words that the people with whom you work are concerned about your welfare and interests apart from what you can do for them, the skills you have developed are respected and valued by co-workers and the organization. Trust is found in three characteristics of workplace relationships:- Trust grows out of the ability to perceive others as credible that what they say is true and their actions are consistent. Trust also grows out of a sense that one will be treated fairly by others. Trust also depends on how much employees experience respect through support provided for professional growth, the inclusion of employees ideas in decision making and through care both within the workplace and life. Trust in organizational strategies and top management is the most critical component in creating commitment towards a common goal. Senior leaders need to place a high value on integrity and trust and then communicate that value to all associates. Key factors in building trust The five critical areas that directly impact the level of trust people have in their organization are:- The organization vision. The organization values. The compensation system. The work environment. Personnel decision. Management consultant Jack R Gibbs explains that distrust in people are likely to occur when Top management is feared. Excessive pressure is placed on people. Sales are low. The vision of company is unclear. QUALITY: The organization should work in order to assure high quality of management and leadership in all parts of the organization. To work methodically in improving Management Quality all links must hold, in the long chain from management policy, through management system, programs and processes, all the way out to the individual employee. This kind of quality assurance of management requires a complete and consistent structure or model, and it must be possible to measure present status and improvements Over the past few years, employees have increased their focus on organizational characteristics that enhance employee work experiences and assist employees in balancing their jobs and personal lives. This focus on workplace quality has become significant enough for business press publications such as Fortune and Working Mother to publish annual lists of companies that excel in creating a high quality of work life for their employees.. Fulmer et al. (2003) argue that employee attitu des affect behaviors and their performance. They argue further that employee attitudes can influence workplace quality through the attraction and retention of good employees. They argue that if employee attitudes resulting from high workplace quality produce a sustainable competitive advantage, then listed firms should exhibit better financial performance than do non listed firms. There is some evidence that companies successful in creating positive employee attitudes about their workplace possess a valuable competitive advantage, which leads to improved operating and market performance. A high Management Quality is characterized by the following Our organization has updated and documented mission statements, vision and strategies. Our policy describes how we wish to relate to our employees. Participation and a high degree of independence are corner-stones of our management system. Everyone regards himself as owner of their personal objectives and the organizations vision and objectives. We encourage open communication. Our policy describes how we work in order to ensure leaders of high quality in all places. We create good opportunities for our managers to be highly motivated in their task. We phase out leaders who are inadequate in their jobs. INRODUCTION OF ORGANISATION:- INFOSIS: An Infosys technology is founded in 1981 in India. Currently Infosys has over 58000 employees worldwide and have over $2 billion annual revenue. Infosys currently has over 15000 software developers working on projects with Microsoft technologies. Infosys BPO Ltd. is one of the fastest and leading BPO solution providers in the world. Having Infosys Technologies Ltd. as its parent company, it boasts of best-in-class systems and processes and financial strength and stability. The company started its operations in 2002 and has received numerous awards and citations such as: 10th among 50 Best Managed Vendors in the Black Book of Outsourcing, 2006 5th among 35 Rising Stars in The Global Outsourcing 100 of the International Association of Outsourcing Professionals, 2006. Infosys won the Outsourcing Institute and Vantage Partners first-ever customer relationship management award. Infosys is increasingly focusing on value-based pricing models for its offerings. QUALITY AT INFOSYS:- Infosys follows the best software engineering practices. Infosys is CMMI-5 certified but for a formal process oriented certification their CMMI level appears to be an outcome of what they actually practice. Infosys doubles it revenue every 2 years, reaching $ 2 billion in 2006.Company currently trains 4500 new recruits every 14 weeks at its own training campus in Mysore. Companys campus at Bangalore was magnificent. The 50 buildings were a glass pyramid shaped multimedia facility housing, a large dome shaped library, sports centers, refectories futuristic electric cars are used for visitors. INFOSYS WINS TELSTRA AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE IN QUALITY IN 2005 Infosys is the first IT Company to receive Telstra award for excellence in quality from over 11000 vendors. Telstra assessed Infosys against its other suppliers and determined it as the winner based on a rigorous appraisal of its quality and ongoing commitment to developing viable solutions and providing Telstra customer with better value. TRUST INFOSYS: Trust is the foundation of all successful interpersonal relationships, both personal and business. Trust is the confidence or belief a person feels toward a particular person or group. Trust is, therefore, one of the primary binding forces in any interpersonal relationship. Trust is present in Infosys strategies and among the employees. 1:-Infosys organizational vision is clear: Infosys vision is attainable and does not ignore the role that individuals play in achieving the organizational goals. 2:-The work environment in Infosys is very good. 3:-Infosys values:- Values are beliefs or convictions that guide behavior, Support the overall organizational vision. Typical values in Infosys include:- Exceeding customer needs, engagement, and innovation. 4:-Infosys compensation system is good. LITERATURE REVIEW WELL-BEING AND TRUST IN WORKPLACE:-The research on well-being and trust in workplace is done by John F Helliwell and Huang:-They say that they were the first to know of to provide Income -equivalent values for workplace trust. The estimated values of trust in the workplaces are very large, and remain so even when we make a number of adjustments designed to remove risks of over-estimation. Our workplace trust results are independently estimated from two Canadian and one US survey using different samples and different question wordings. That all three surveys should show such consistently large effects convinces us of the robustness of our results. In this paper we have built on Subsequent extensions by Helliwell, Huang and Putnam (2009). 2:-TRUST IN WORKPLACE:-Research is done by Robert W Rogers President, DDI. And by Sheryl Riddle Sr. Vice president consulting services DDI. In their research they said that trust plays an important role in the organization. According to them Leaders can foster high levels of trust among teams by encouraging team members to follow six fundamental steps: Maintain one anothers self-esteem. Support and praise one another. Keep sensitive information confidential. Stand up for one another. Avoid gossip or unfair criticism of others. Appreciate one anothers skills and differences. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:-Two types of data are used:- Secondary Data:-Secondary data is taken from books, magazines, internet, research work, journals. Primary Data:- Primary data is collected from Infosys campus at Bangalore. QUESTIONER:- 1-What is your company do for building trust in workplace? Ans-The company vision is clear. The goals set by top management are attainable and Infosys does not ignore the role of individual in the achievement of companies goal. 2-What did the company do for quality in workplace? Ans- A company follow the best software engineering practices. Infosys is CMMI-5 certified. 3-Why do the company use visual studio team system? Ans-The Company use visual studio team system because it will increase exponentially over the next few years. We expect to grow this area to over 25000 developers. 4:-What did Infosys do for creating employment? Ans: The Company currently trains 4,500 new recruits every 14 weeks, at its own training campus in Mysore. The average age of the companys employees is 25 years. 5:- What did the company do for society? Ans:-1. Conducting rehabilitation camps at tribal areas, drought hit areas. 2. Construction of hospitals. 3. Rehabilitation of mentally retarded through other local organization. DATA ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION:- From the above data we comes to a conclusion that quality and trust in workplace are very important factors because if the workers have no trust in organization they do not work properly for the achievement of the organizational goals. The organization should work in order to assure high quality of management and leadership in all parts of the organization. For better quality organizational missions, policies, strategies must be clear. Everyone regards himself/herself as owner of their personal objectives and open communication must be there in an organization so that everyone shares their views about the organizational goals. BIBLIOGRAPHY:- Well being and trust in workplace:- www.nber.org/papers/w14589 About the Infosys company www.Infosys.com Monograph:-Trust in workplace By Robert W Rogers, President, DDI And Sheryl Riddle, Sr. vice President consulting services DDI. Building trust in workplace:- www.Melcrum.com

Mercantilism Essay -- essays research papers

Mercantilism is an economic theory where a nation's strength comes from building up gold supplies and expanding its trade. Britain formed the American colonies so that they could increase their gold stores. They wanted raw supplies to make into products to sell and make money. They wanted America to pay taxes so that Britain could make money. America used the theory in that they thought they ought to, in order to be strong expand their trade beyond Britain. Countries like Belgium, and France wanted to also increase their trade, and expand it to trading with America. They also wanted to increase their gold stores by trading with America. Britain however did not want America to trade with France and Belgium and the Netherlands because they wanted to increase their gold stores, so they needed a monopoly over American trade. So there was tension between Britain and its American colonies. One of the first efforts made by Britain to control the American colonies was the Acts of Trade and N avigation. What these acts did was limited American trade to basically just Britain. These Acts were in place between 1650-1660 and they were there to ensure that the mercantile system that existed stayed. It was mainly to prevent the Frenchmen and Dutch from receiving American goods. The acts limited American shipping to be via Britain. The British had to receive all American goods and them their merchants would sell the goods to other countries, but America could not. Any goods that were to be imported to the colonies had to be passed through British middlemen, where a tax was added so that Britain would profit. America was also forbidden to produce goods or grow crops for profit. If they were to do that then they would be competing with British industries. The colonies were supposed to also buy more than they sold, so that their currency was drained, but all to Britain. Before 1663, when the Acts of Trade and Navigation were not enforced the colonists benefited from Britain. The colonists of the north smuggled goods and manufactured items for profit. They avoided the British laws. The southern colonists had a guaranteed market from the British because they had a monopoly. The colonies also benefited because they had the British army troops to guard them, and they have low taxes, and the British navy shielded them. The colonists were generally more prosperous than the English... ...000 troops. The colonists by this time were no the happiest of campers and when the Quebec Act was passed the colonists had had almost enough. What this act did was to close off the Western lands, the British gave religious freedom to the Catholics, and the Massachusetts Protestants were anti-Catholic. The act also allowed the French to retain systems where there were no representative assemblies, and where there were no jury trials, as a result of this fear was installed into the colonists. Through all of this we knew that in mercantilism our strength was being depleted by Britain, so there was an action, leading to a reaction, later leading to synthesis, or another action. This continued on and on, getting more and more violent until the American Revolution broke out. America was becoming increasingly patriotic, a nationalist "country". This American Revolution that was to result was one of "national self-determination" being that we can. We think we can, an d in ourselves as a nation we can stand alone, free of Britain. We determined this by a series of occurrences that all resulted, through our mercantilist ideas and thoughts, eventually in us being America.

James Joyces Araby - The Lonely Quest in Araby Essay -- Joyce Dubline

The Lonely Quest in "Araby"  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Universality of experience makes James Joyce's "Araby" interesting, readers respond instinctively to an experience that could have been their own. It is part of the instinctual nature of man to long for what he feels is the lost spirituality of his world. In all ages man has believed that it is possible to search for and find a talisman, which, if brought back, will return this lost spirituality. The development of theme in "Araby" resembles the myth of the quest for a holy talisman. In "Araby," Joyce works from a "visionary mode of artistic creation"-a phrase used by psychiatrist Carl Jung to describe the, â€Å"visionary" kind of literary creation that derives its material from â€Å"the hinterland of man's mind-that suggests the abyss of time sepa-rating us from prehuman ages, or evokes a superhuman world of con-trasting light and darkness. It is a primordial experience, which sur-passes man's understanding and to which he is therefore in danger of succumbing." 1 Assuredly this describes Joyce's handling of the material of "Araby." The quest itself and its consequences surpass the understanding of the young protagonist of the story. He can only "feel" that he undergoes the experience of the quest and naturally is con-fused, and at the story's conclusion, when he fails, he is anguished and angered. His "contrasting world of light and darkness" contains both the lost spirituality and the dream of restoring it. Because our own worlds contain these contrasts we also "feel," even though the primordial experience surpasses our understanding, too. It is true, as a writer reminds us, that "no matter the work, Joyce always views the order and disorder of the world in terms of the Catholic faith... ...world of North Richmond Street. Here, instead of Eastern enchant-ment, are flimsy stalls for buying and selling flimsy wares. His grailhas turned out to be only flimsy tea sets covered with artificial flow-ers. As the upper hall becomes completely dark, the boy realizes thathis quest has ended. Gazing upward, he sees the vanity of imagininghe can carry a chalice through a dark throng of foes. 1 Carl G. Jung, Modern Man in Search of a Soid. trans. W. S. Dell and CaryF. Baynes (New York, 1933), pp. 156-157. 2 William Bysshe Stein, "Joyce's 'Araby': Paradise Lost," Perspective, X11,No. 4 (Spring 1962), 215. 3 From Letters of James Joyce, Vol. II, ed. Richard Ellmarm (New York,1966), p. 134. 4 James Joyce, Stephen Hero (New York, 1944), pp. 210-211. 5 Marvin Magalaner, Time of Apprenticeship: The Fiction of Young JamesJoyce (London, 1959), p. 87.   

Sex, Lies and Conversation: Why is it Difficult to Communicate?

Sex, Lies and Conversation; Why Is It So Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other? Question- Is what Tannen says about men's and women's communication borne out by your experience? Explain. Culture What Tannen says about women and men’s communication is true in some cases, but the way I see it, in my experience, as a kid growing up I tend to see my mother taking to my father but my father is sitting there just watching TV, like what Tannen said in the article â€Å"Men tend to talk more in public then women but they are less talkative when being home, honestly I tend to be like that to, as what Tannen explains the difference between the communication boys and girl is 100% accurate. Back in elementary school girl would go into their group and tell stories and all that girl stuff and the boys would go play with their group. But when you look at its how culture presents the difference between sexes, growing up I believe kids were taught to play in a certain way for example girls play with girls and boys play with boys, growing up with this attached in our brain boy go out and do what boys do and girls to, so in a sense when men and women are trying to communicate there is a gap in the relationship, cause a reason for the wife to complain that the husband isn’t like probably because growing up he didn’t have to have talk things out and express how he feel.

The Pervasive Impact of Culture on International Negotiations

The pervasive impact of culture on international negotiations The primary purpose of this section is to demonstrate the extent of cultural differences in negotiation styles and how these differences can cause problems in international business negotiations. The reader will note that national culture does not determine negotiation behavior. Rather, national culture is one of many factors that influence behavior at the negotiation table, albeit an important one. For example, gender, organizational culture, international experience, industry or regional background can all be important influences as well.Of course, stereotypes of all kinds are dangerous, and international negotiators must get to know the people they are working with, not just their culture, country, or company. The material here is based on systematic study of international negotiation behavior over the last three decades in which the negotiation styles of more than 1,500 businesspeople in 17 countries (21 cultures) were considered. The work involved interviews with experienced executives and participant observations in the field, as well as behavioral science laboratory work including surveys and analyses of videotaped negotiations.The countries studied were Japan, S. Korea, China (Tianjin, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong), Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines, Russia, Israel, Norway, the Czech Republic, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Spain, Brazil, Mexico, Canada (English-speakers and French-speakers), and the United States. The countries were chosen because they constitute America’s most important present and future trading partners. Looking broadly across the several cultures, two important lessons stand out. The first is that regional generalizations very often are not correct.For example, Japanese and Korean negotiation styles are quite similar in some ways, but in other ways they could not be more different. The second lesson learned from the research is that Japan is an exceptional place: On almost every dimension of negotiation style considered, the Japanese are on or near the end of the scale. For example, the Japanese use the lowest amount of eye contact of the cultures studied. Sometimes, Americans are on the other end. But actually, most of the time Americans are somewhere in the middle. The reader will see this evinced in the data presented in this section.The Japanese approach, however, is most distinct, even sui generis. Cultural differences cause four kinds of problems in international business negotiations, at the levels of: Language Nonverbal behaviors Values Thinking and decision-making processes The order is important; the problems lower on the list are more serious because they are more subtle. For example, two negotiators would notice immediately if one were speaking Japanese and the other German. The solution to the problem may be as simple as hiring an interpreter or talking in a common third language, or it may be as difficult as learning a languag e.Regardless of the solution, the problem is obvious. Cultural differences in nonverbal behaviors, on the other hand, are almost always hidden below our awareness. That is to say, in a face-to-face negotiation participants nonverbally—and more subtly—give off and take in a great deal of information. Some experts argue that this information is more important than verbal information. Almost all this signaling goes on below our levels of consciousness. When the nonverbal signals from foreign partners are different, negotiators are most apt to misinterpret them without even being conscious of the mistake.For example, when a French client consistently interrupts, Americans tend to feel uncomfortable without noticing exactly why. In this manner, interpersonal friction often colors business relationships, goes undetected, and, consequently, goes uncorrected. Differences in values and thinking and decision-making processes are hidden even deeper and therefore are even harder t o diagnose and therefore cure. These differences are discussed below, starting with language and nonverbal behaviors.

Redevelopment of Manila City Jail Essay

Manila, Philippines—Filinvest Land Inc. has bagged a deal to redevelop a 1. 2-hectare property owned by the government that was the site of the old Cebu City jail on Salinas Drive in Lahug to turn it into a business process outsourcing complex. In a disclosure to the Philippine Stock Exchange on Tuesday, the property developer announced that it had submitted the winning build-transfer-operate proposal and complied with the requirements contained in the notice of award from the Economic Enterprise Council under the Office of the Governor of the Province of Cebu. The lot used to be occupied by the Bagong Buhay Rehabilitation Center and the Cebu City Treatment and Rehabilitation Center. â€Å"FLI remains bullish on the BPO sector and is rapidly expanding its office portfolio to meet the needs of the industry,† the disclosure said. â€Å"FLI believes that Cebu, in particular, has good potential for this business. † This represents an expansion of FLI’s interest in Cebu. It is currently developing the 50. 6-hectare Citta di Mare in the South Road Properties. Two mid-rise building projects, Amalfi Oasis and San Remo Oasis, are also currently being constructed under a joint venture with the Cebu City Government. Land development works on the Il Corso lifestyle strip are likewise ongoing. Other ongoing projects of FLI include One Oasis Cebu, a 3. 7 hectare mid-rise development with a total of 10 buildings adjacent to the Cebu Golf and Country Club. Two buildings have been completed and a third is targeted for completion by year-end. Finally, FLI’s Grand Cenia Hotel and Residences condotel has recently started operations as Quest Hotel and Conference Center, a three-star hotel complete with business and conference facilities. The Cebu project also scales up FLI’s BPO portfolio. As of the end of 2011, it had over 170,000 square meters of gross leasable area (GLA) from 12 buildings in Northgate Cyberzone in Filinvest Corporate City in Muntinlupa City and PBCom Tower in Makati City. At Northgate Cyberzone, another building is currently under construction and will add close to 20,000 square meters of GLA in the first half of 2013, while a 14th building is targeted to break ground within the year with a GLA of 13,000 square meters. Vector Two, which was completed in the fourth quarter of 2011, is fully taken-up and has been turned over for tenant fit-outs, the disclosure said. Meanwhile, FLI is constructing a five-storey building along EDSA across the Asian Development Bank building which is expected to be completed within 2012.

Cartesian Diver Essay

â€Å"Cartesian† is named after the French mathematician and philosopher Rene Descartes, who lived from 1596 until 1650. Cartesian diver lab is used commonly in scientific experiments to illustrate principle of buoyancy. The objective of this Cartesian diver lab is to demonstrate Pascal’s law and Archimedes’ principles. Observation is the key to conduct this experimental study of the Cartesian diver. First a 2-liter bottle is filled with water to almost all the way to the top, then prepare the diver which is a test tube, fill the test tube about 50-60% with water, place the diver inside the bottle the diver should float near the water surface then secure the cap on the bottle. When the container is squeezed, the diver should sink to the bottom of the container. Release the bottle slowly, the diver should come up in reverse order. The Cartesian diver shows that air is compressible and water is incompressible. When the container is squeeze, the pressure from squeeze is distributed equal throughout the container and the volume of air in the diver decreases because of the increased pressure of the water surrounding the diver. Since the volume of air inside the diver decreased, and water filled up where the air use to be, the diver becomes denser and will begin to sink if enough pressure is applied. It begins to sink because it becomes denser so the upward force of the water is not great enough to keep the diver floating. When the container is not squeezed, the diver will float back to the top because the pressure that was compressing the air in the diver was relived so the air could take is normal volume again which make it least dense. Therefore the Cartesian diver does demonstrate the compressibility of a gas, the incompressibility of water. The Cartesian diver experiment also demonstrates the Pascal’s law. According to Pascal’s law, when the bottle is squeezed, the applied pressure increase throughout the bottle by the same amount include inside of the diver. The control volume for this lab experiment is the entire water bottle including the diver inside. Objects float or sink as a result of their density. Density can be described as the amount of weight in a specific volume. An object is buoyant if its relative density is less than the density of the fluid that is surrounding it. According to Archimedes’ principle, an object will be buoyed up by a force that is equal to the weight of water that it displaces. The air inside the diver can be compressed much more easily than water, therefore the water level inside the diver increase as the bottle is queezed due to the pressure increase. The applied pressure by squeezed the bottle can be determine by using this equation: P =F/A(1) Where P is the applied pressure, F is the force by the fingers and A is the area of the fingers touch the bottle 14. 14? cm? ^2. With the applied pressure, the pressure rise in the bottle based on water level change inside the diver can be estimate by using this equation: P =? gh (2) Where P is the applied pressure, ? is the water density, g is gravity and h is the height of the water rise, 0. 3cm. Combine equation (1) and (2) the force by the figure equals 0. 416N and applied pressure equals 29. 43pa The Cartesian diver experiment demonstrates Archimedes’ principles. Objects either float or sink because of buoyancy, buoyancy is the upward force that keeps objects floating. If the buoyancy exceeds the weight then the object floats and if the weight exceeds the buoyancy then the object sinks, therefore Neutral buoyancy is achieved when the mass of an object equals the mass it displace s in a surrounding medium. This offsets the force of gravity that would otherwise cause the object to sink. An object that has neutral buoyancy will neither sink nor rise. According to Archimedes’ principles the buoyant force acting on a body of uniform density immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body, and it acts upward through the centroid of the displaced volume: F_B=? _f gV_sub (3) Where F_B is the buoyancy force, ? _f is fluid density, g is gravity and V_sub is the submerge volume. F=mg (4) Where F is the weight of the object, m is the mass of the object and g is the gravity. By relating equation (3) and (4) the buoyancy force equals 0. 1N and mass of the tube is about 1g. PV=? RT (5) Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, ? is the density, R is the gas constant and T is the temperature. P_2/P_1 =h_1/h_2 (6) Where P_1 the pressure rise of the bottle, P_2 Pressure rise of the diver, h_1 is the height of pressure rise in bottle and h_2 is the height of pressure rise in diver. Cartesian diver can achieve a neutrally buoyant state. However wh en the Cartesian diver reach the neutrally buoyant state it will be an unstable equilibrium like a ball on a hill, a very small change can cause to rise or sink again. The hydrostatic pressure is a very important factor in the Cartesian diver, the hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity. The hydrostatic pressure of the water increase as the diver sinks, for this particular Cartesian diver a small change in hydrostatic pressure will affect the diver to sink, rise or stay and the key to achieve the diver to stay neutrally buoyant is the precise measurement of how far the diver sinks before it sinks completely or floats. The principle of buoyancy of a submarines are very similar to the Cartesian diver. Submarines can control their buoyancy by pumping air into the ballast tanks increases the submarine’s buoyancy and allows it to float to the surface like Cartesian diver at initial state when there is enough air inside of the diver, the Cartesian diver can also control buoyancy depends on how hard the person squeezed the bottle. Submarines could also releasing air and allowing water to fill the ballast tanks to decreases the submarine’s buoyancy and allows it to sink, similar to the Cartesian diver when the bottle is squeezed, the water level in diver increase which also decrease its buoyancy, so the Cartesian diver sinks. For submarines to reach neutral buoyancy, the water filling in the ballast tanks must be precise so the buoyancy force will equals to the weight of submarine, similar to the Cartesian diver when the applied force is just right, the diver will to reach neutral buoyancy. The Cartesian diver lab shows the fundamental principles of Pascal’s law and buoyancy. At the initial state of the Cartesian diver, the diver floats on top of the water. Because of buoyancy is greater than the diver’s weight then as bottle is squeezed the pressure increase uniformly which cause the diver increase its water level which decrease its buoyancy so it drops to the bottom of the bottle. When the bottle is release the diver rise to top of the water again due to the pressure that was compressing the air in the diver was relived so the air could take is normal volume again which increased the buoyancy back to its initial state.

Technology: Sociology and James Stacey Taylor

Kenneth Hunter Dr. Carpenter PL401 13 November 2012 James Stacey Taylor â€Å"In Praise of Big Brother† This essay will argue the point on why we should learn to stop worrying and love (some) government surveillance. James Stacey Taylor’s idea about government surveillance monitoring each state will blow you away or open your eyes. I will draw attention to some good points, bad points, and my beliefs and why I think this way about his view. By the end of this essay I hope to have answered your entire question on this topic of interest. Which is government surveillance could be a positive or negative problem for people?The first inquiry to be address is how Dyson explained his pessimistic doubts that technological innovations frequently serve to increase social oppression and inequality. I will answer this in a two part answers, in which I will tell you how Dyson look at technology was used and who benefited from the changes. Dyson started addressing his pessimistic doub ts with examples from history and his own life. He talked about how technology started out in the fourteenth century with printing becoming the first technology transformation in Europe.With this new invention, people all through Europe had the able to have books to read and educate themselves as well as their fellow countrymen by educating themselves. The technology of printing gave power to the reproduction of the Bible which led directly to the Protestant Reformation in Northern Europe. By using the technology the Protestant ethic carried it with perpetual striving for social justice a vision that was seldom achieved. The next things Dyson begin pointing out was the sensibleness of technology which led the way for social justice during the next two centuries.Dyson talked about how public services such as clean water, sewage treatment, antibiotics and vaccines helped with bring the gap between rich and poor closer. The reason for this as he pointed out was these technologies were effective in protecting the rich from contagion and sickness if also available to poor. So, with being said in some countries where public health technologies are in enforced by law there is no large gaps. He also talked about how technologies starting making synthetic materials to bridge the gaps by introduced fake furs, brilliant colors and silk.By doing this everyone was able to afford clothes of fashion and no was able to tell a person social class by the clothes they wore. So where does the social oppression exactly begin for people? Will I believe it start with new technology and gadgets introduce to social as new a improve way to something done. What I mean by this statement for example the IPhone or any smartphone. While everyone has a cellphone to communicate with friend and family a simple function so we think. Then technology comes along a change the game with apps, internet, and built-in cameras all in a phone that cost about $600 in the beginning.Only people that could afford this new slack technology were the people with money and then newer one hit the social world pushing the older version to be affordable for everyone. So, point is like a new toy we get at Christmas time that you didn’t want your friends to touch because we have to keep it for self. Until we are bored and no longer wanting to play with it and the newest has wears off, we are more apt to allow others to enjoy it, as long as there is something better or newer to replace the old one. So, gaps are made with each turn of new technology pushing the way.In conclusion, Dyson hope technology is used to equally by everyone rich and poor. I believe he pointed out everything that would equally shared by all people no matter their social status. Technology and Social Justice will always have some type of gaps between people because money is driving force behind new technology. Dyson never pointed this out but know these gaps were between rich and poor. At the end of his essay said t here was no harm to hope. I can see your point on this because Kurzweil took you on ride on many things.From a computer storage stand point look at what we start with 250mb and now we are at 3Tb for storing information. We are growing at a rate that could way out of control or in our control that is the question? We have to understand what direction these things are taking us because it will be a limit to our growth. Kurzweil know that with growth in time bad things would follow and would have to be ready to protect our self. While reading the case against perfection by Michael Sandel he pointed out a lot of thing we do as humans to modify ourselves by technology. Things like muscles in nhancement to improve our muscle loss from old age but when technology is used for performance enhancement, running, weight lifting, and home slugger are just to name a few. The able to change person genes before even being born is wrong on so many levels. The ethics surrounding this theory wouldnâ⠂¬â„¢t allow humans to humans anymore. Everyone is born different for a reason and everyone is given their on gift at birth. By using this type of technology to change who we are would cause more chaos then good. Like Sandel pointed with the cloned sheep Dolly which died prematurely with abnormalities was unsafe.The sad truth behind all this type of technology is no matter how we try to change or improve it the cycle death in the end. Sandel point I believe is we have a right to choose our own path in life and should only everything to change our unique able to be different. In â€Å"Preventing a Brave New World† (pp. 317-329), Leon Kass concludes that reproductive and therapeutic cloning of human embryos is unethical. What are the exact steps in Kass's argument for this conclusion? What is your assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this argument?